![]() ![]() ![]() The abundance profiles of several microbial groups were different between the two sites class Nitrososphaeria amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated the community profiles at Tramway Ridge, whereas Acidobacteriotal ASVs were only found at Western Crater. Notably, pH, not temperature, showed the strongest correlation with these differences. We found distinct soil compositions between the two sites, and to a lesser extent within Tramway Ridge, correlated with disparate microbial communities. Samples were collected along three thermal gradients, one from Western Crater and two within Tramway Ridge, which allowed an examination of the heterogeneity present at Tramway Ridge. Erebus: Tramway Ridge, a weather-protected high biomass site, and Western Crater, an extremely exposed low biomass site. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and physicochemical analyses, we compared samples collected at two contrasting high-temperature (50☌–65☌) sites on Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, is the world’s southernmost active volcano and is unique in its isolation from other major active volcanic systems and its distinctive geothermal systems. 7Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.6Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.5School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.4Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.3Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.2International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.1Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.Both had capacious holds and in addition to the strengthened bows had double coppered bottoms and watertight bulkheads.Stephen E. Erebus was of 370 tons and Terror slightly smaller at 340 tons. For the voyage they were additionally strengthened and were six feet thick at the bows. Ross's ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were bomb vessels (designed to carry mortars rather than cannon), especially strong ships eminently suitable for work in the polar pack ice. The island is now home to the New Zealand Scott Base and the American McMurdo Station. Ernest Shackleton also made his base there in 1907-09, and members of his expedition were the first to climb Mt Erebus and make a scientific examination of it. The island was named Ross Island by Robert Falcon Scott who established his first base on the island in 1901-04, and again in 1910-13. The volcanoes discovered by Ross's expedition are two of four which constitute Ross Island: the others are Mt Bird and Mt Terra Nova. I named it "Mount Erebus," and an extinct volcano to the eastward, little inferior in height, being by measurement ten thousand nine hundred feet high, was called "Mount Terror." (Ross, 1969, vol. The discovery of an active volcano in so high a southern latitude cannot but be esteemed a circumstance of high geological importance and interest, and contribute to throw some further light on the physical construction of our globe. it proved to be a mountain twelve thousand four hundred feet of elevation above the level of the sea, emitting flame and smoke in great profusion at first the smoke appeared like snow drift, but as we drew nearer, its true character became manifest. They turned east, to discover Mt Erebus and beyond it an impenetrable ice barrier, now known as the Ross Ice Shelf. ![]() They discovered Victoria Land and the high Admiralty Mountains: the Magnetic Pole was beyond these and out of their reach. Ross and his ships had penetrated the ice pack south of Hobart in only four days and discovered an open polar sea, the Ross Sea. The Ross expedition had sailed from England in October 1839, commissioned to establish magnetic observatories in the southern hemisphere and to try and reach the South Magnetic Pole. A nearby mountain, an inactive volcano, was named Mt Terror after his companion ship, commanded by Captain Francis Crozier. He named the volcano, which could be seen erupting, after his ship Erebus. Mt Erebus, the largest active volcano in Antarctica, was discovered on 27 January 1841 by the expedition led by Sir James Clark Ross. Creator Ross, James Clark, Sir, 1800-1862 TitleMount Erebus discovered Date of publication 1847 SourceA voyage of discovery and research in the Southern and Antarctic regions during the years 1839-43, plate opposite p. ![]()
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